Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (303)
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 
- Online philosophy reference work, articles are authored and updated by experts in the field. Edited by Edward Zalta.
- http://plato.stanford.edu/
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Hilbert's Program - In 1921, David Hilbert made a proposal for a formalist foundation of mathematics, for which a finitary consistency proof should establish the security of mathematics. By Richard Zach. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hilbert-program/      Analysis - The historical development and conceptual structure of philosophical analysis; by Michael Beaney. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analysis/ The Turing Test - Proposal due to Alan Turing for a criterion of the presence of mind or consciousness; by Graham Oppy and David Dowe. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/ Alcmaeon - Life and work of early Greek medical writer and philosopher-scientist; by Carl Huffman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alcmaeon/ Episteme and Techne - Discussion of the distinction between knowledge and craft, or art in ancient philosophy; by Richard Parry. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/episteme-techne/ Reflective Equilibrium - The result of a process of reflection on an area of (moral) inquiry, a notion figuring prominently in Rawls' Theory of Justice; by Norman Daniels. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reflective-equilibrium/ Laws of Nature - Philosophical theories about what it is to be a law; by John W. Carroll. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/laws-of-nature/ Karl Leonhard Reinhold - Life and work of 19th century Austrian philosopher; by Dan Breazeale. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/karl-reinhold/ Adorno, Theodor - Life and work of 20th century German philosopher and critical theorist; by Lambert Zuidervaart. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/adorno/ Saadya [Saadiah] - Life and work of Saadya Gaon (Saadya ben Joseph, known in Arabic as Sa'id ‘ibn Yusuf al-Fayyûmî, 10th century theologian, philosopher and rabbi; by Sarah Pessin. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/saadya/ Eliminative Materialism - The view that some or all of the mental states posited by common-sense do not actually exist; by William Ramsey. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/materialism-eliminative/ Scientific Explanation - Philosophical theories about the nature of explanation in science; by James Woodward. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-explanation/ Arthur Schopenhauer - Life and work of 19th century German philosopher; by Robert Wicks. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schopenhauer/ Mereology - The theory of parthood relations: of the relations of part to whole and the relations of part to part within a whole; by Achille Varzi. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mereology/ Consequentialism - The view that normative properties depend only on consequences; by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism/ The Free Rider Problem - Philosophical issues related to collective action; by Russell Hardin. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/free-rider/ Speusippus - Life and work of Speusippus of Athens, son of Plato's sister Potone and head of the Academy; by Russell Dancy. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/speusippus/ Biological Altruism - Discussion of how altruistic behavior by organisms fits with the theory of evolution; by Samir Okasha. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism-biological/ Plato's Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology - Discussion of Plato's views on metaphysics and the theory of knowledge, including his theory of forms; by Allan Silverman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-metaphysics/ Giambattista Vico - Life and work of 18th century Italian philosopher; by Timothy Costelloe. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vico/ Biodiversity - Discussion of philosophical issues related to biological diversity; by Daniel P. Faith. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biodiversity/ Roman Ingarden - Life and work of Polish phenomenologist, ontologist and aesthetician; by Amie Thomasson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ingarden/ Punishment - Philosophical justifications of punishment; by Hugo Adam Bedau. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/punishment/ Sovereignty - Modern notion of political authority of supreme authority within a territory; by Dan Philpott. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sovereignty/ Aesthetic Judgment - Philosophical theories about judgments of taste; by Nick Zangwill. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aesthetic-judgment/ Archytas - Life and work of fourth century BC Greek mathematician, political leader and philosopher; by Carl Huffman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/archytas/ Jonathan Edwards - Life and work of 18th century American philosophical theologian; by William Wainwright. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/edwards/ Bayes' Theorem - Discussion of a formula to calculate conditional probabilities which figures in subjectivist approaches to epistemology; by James Joyce. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bayes-theorem/ Plotinus - Life and work of this founder of Neoplatonism; by Lloyd Gerson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plotinus/ The Computational Theory of Mind - The philosophical theopry that the mind is, or functions like, a computer; by Steven Horst. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computational-mind/ The Moral Status of Animals - Philosophical theories about the difference between animals and humans responsible for the moral status of humans. By Lori Gruen. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-animal/ Qualia: The Knowledge Argument - Aims to establish that conscious experience involves non-physical properties. It is one of the most discussed arguments against physicalism; by Martine Nida-Rümelin. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia-knowledge/ Fuzzy Logic - Survey of logical systems with a continuum of truth values; by Petr Hajek. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-fuzzy/ Libertarianism - Theory about the permissibility of non-consensual force violating property rights in external things and oneself; by Peter Vallentyne. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/libertarianism/ Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach - Life and work of French Enlightenment philosoher; by Michael LeBuffe. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/holbach/ Philosophy of Childhood - The philosophy of childhood takes up philosophically interesting questions about childhood, about conceptions people have of childhood and attitudes they have toward children; by Gareth Matthews. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/childhood/ The Problem of Evil - Does the world contain undesirable states of affairs that provide the basis for an argument that makes it unreasonable for anyone to believe in the existence of God?; by Michael Tooley. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evil/ Logic and games - Survey of game-theoretical approaches to logic; by Wilfrid Hodges. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-games/ William Penbygull - Life and work of 15th Century Oxford Realist philosopher; by Alessandro Conti. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/penbygull/ Robert Alyngton - Life and work of 14th Century British philosopher, follower of Wyclif and Burley; by Alessandro Conti. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alyngton/ Robert Holkot - Life and Work of Robert Holcot, 14th Century English philosopher and theologian; by Hester Gelber. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/holkot/ Charles Hartshorne - Life and work of 20th Century metaphysician and philosopher of religion; by Dan Dombrowski. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hartshorne/ Abstract Objects - Survey of attempts to draw the distinction between concrete and abstract objects; by Gideon Rosen. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/abstract-objects/ Automated Reasoning - Survey of automated deduction and theorem proving; by Frederic Portoraro. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reasoning-automated/ Bayesian Epistemology - Epistemological movement based on Bayesian confirmation and decision theory; by William Talbott. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-bayesian/ Epistemological Problems of Perception - Discussion of how sense experience justifies or warrants beliefs about the physical world; by Lawrence BonJour. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/perception-episprob/ Being and Becoming in Modern Physics - Discusses implications of general relativity for the philosophy of time; by Steven Savitt. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/ Truthlikeness - Discussion of notion of verisimilitude, closeness to truth; by Graham Oddie. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truthlikeness/ Naturalized Epistemology - The view that epistemology is of one piece with natural science; by Richard Feldman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-naturalized/ Baruch Spinoza - Life and work of 17th century Dutch Rationalist philosopher; by Steven Nadler. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/ Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century - Survey of Scottish Enlightenment philosophers, including Francis Hutcheson, Henry Home (Lord Kames), and George Campbell; by lexander Broadie. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scottish-18th/ Charles Sanders Peirce - Life and work of 19th century American logician and philosopher; by Robert Burch. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce/ Descartes' Ontological Argument - Discussion of René Descartes ontological proof of the existence of God; by Lawrence Nolan. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ontological/ Moral Particularism - The claim that there are no defensible moral principles; by Jonathan Dancy. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-particularism/ John Duns Scotus - In-depth article on the life, work, and thought of John Duns Scotus. By Thomas Williams. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/duns-scotus/ Medieval Theories of Relations - Survey of medieval views concerning the nature and ontological status of relations; by Jeffrey Brower. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/relations-medieval/ Interpretation and Coherence in Legal Reasoning - Survey of theories on legal reasoning; by Julie Dickson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-reas-interpret/ On The Nature of Law - Survey of theories on the conditions of legal validity including natural law theories and legal positivism; by Andrei Marmor. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lawphil-nature/ Panpsychism - The doctrine that mind is a fundamental feature of the world which exists throughout the universe; by William Seager. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism/ Aristotle's Ethics - Discussion of Aristotle's ethical views; by Richard Kraut. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-ethics/ Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus) - Life and work of 13th century logician and author of the Tractatus; by Joke Spruyt. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peter-spain/ Philosophy of Statistical Mechanics - By Lawrence Sklar. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/statphys-statmech/ René Descartes' Life and Works - Life and work of 17th century French philosopher; by Kurt Smith. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/ Integrity - Discussion of integrity as a virtue term; by Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/integrity/ Higher-order Theories of Consciousness - Theories which explain conscious states by their relations to higher-order representations of them; by Peter Carruthers. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-higher/ The Unity of Consciousness - History and philosophical accounts of unity of consciousness; by Andrew Brook. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-unity/ Equality - Survey of social and political equality; by Stefan Gosepath. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/equality/ Francis of Marchia - Life and work of 14th century French theologian; by Christopher Schabel. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/francis-marchia/ Robert Desgabets - Life and work of 17th century Cartesian philosopher; by Patricia Easton. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/desgabets/ Social Epistemology - Survey of views on the social dimension of knowledge; by Alvin Goldman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-social/ David Hume - Life and work of 18th century Scottish philosopher; by William Edward Morris. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/ John Austin - Life and work of 19th century British legal philosopher and founder of legal positivism; by Brian Bix. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/austin-john/ Physicalism - Discussion of the thesis that everything is physical; by Daniel Stoljar. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/ The Analysis of Knowledge - Survey of analyses of the concept of knowledge, including justified true belief and the Gettier problem; by Matthias Steup. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/ Richard Rorty - Life and work of 20th century American philosopher; by Bjørn Ramberg. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rorty/ Benjamin Peirce - Life and work of 19th century mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-benjamin/ Albert of Saxony - Life and work of 14th century German logician and philosopher; by Joël Biard. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/albert-saxony/ Dante Alighieri - Life and work of 13th century Italian poet and philosopher; by Winthrop Wetherbee. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dante/ Semantic Challenges to Realism - Realism and the representation problem; by Drew Khlentzos. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/realism-sem-challenge/ Evolutionary Epistemology - Survey of naturalistic epistemology which emphasizes importance of natural selection; by Michael Bradie and William Harms - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-evolutionary/ Constitutionalism - Philosophical survey of the idea that government should be limited in its powers by law; by Wil Waluchow. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/constitutionalism/ Counterfactual Theories of Causation - Discussion of analysis of causal statements in terms of counterfactual conditionals; by Peter Menzies. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-counterfactual/ Curry's Paradox - Discussion of a semantic paradox due to Haskell B. Curry; by J. C. Beall. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/curry-paradox/ Moral Responsibility - Historical survey of the concept of moral responsibility; by Andrew Eshleman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-responsibility/ Disjunction - Theory and history of the binary connective 'or'; by Ray Jennings. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/disjunction/ Legal Punishment - Justifications of legal punishment; by Antony Duff. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-punishment/ Intertheory Relations in Physics - Discussion of theory reduction in science; by Robert Batterman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physics-interrelate/ William Whewell - Life and work of 19th century British philosopher; by Laura J. Snyder. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whewell/ The Modern History of Computing - Historical survey from Babbage onward; by B. Jack Copeland. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/ Brentano's Theory of Judgement - Discussion of Franz Brentano's foundation for logic and epistemology; by Johannes Brandl. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/brentano-judgement/ Feminist History of Philosophy - Survey of feminist writing on the philosophical canon; by Charlotte Witt. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-femhist/ Aristotle's Metaphysics - Aristotle's notions of category and substance; by S. Marc Cohen. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/ Classical Logic - Introduction to classical logic, including completeness and Löwenheim-Skolem theorems; by Stewart Shapiro. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-classical/ The Medieval Problem of Universals - By Gyula Klima. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/universals-medieval/ William James - Life and work of 19th century American philosopher; by Russell Goodman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/james/ Thomas Reid - Life and work of 18th century Scottish philosopher; by Gideon Yaffe. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reid/ The Experience and Perception of Time - By Robin Le Poidevin. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-experience/ Incompatibilist (Nondeterministic) Theories of Free Will - By Randolph Clarke. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/incompatibilism-theories/ Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science - By Elizabeth Anderson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-epistemology/ Robert Boyle - Life and work of 17th century Irish philosopher and physicist; by J. J. McIntosh, University of Calgary. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boyle/ Salomon Maimon - Life and work of contemporary and critic of Kant; by Peter Thielke and Yitzhak Melamed. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maimon/ Scottish Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century - Survey of the work of William Hamilton, James Frederick Ferrier, and Alexander Bain; by Gordon Graham. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scottish-19th/ Formal Learning Theory - Discusses mathematical approaches to normative epistemology; by Oliver Schulte. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/learning-formal/ Quantum Logic and Quantum Probability - How quantum mechanics can be regarded as a non-classical probabilistic calculus; by Alexander Wilce. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-quantlog/ Relational Quantum Mechanics - An interpretation of quantum theory which discards the notions of absolute state of a system, absolute value of its physical quantities, or absolute event; by Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-relational/ Medieval Theories of Properties of Terms - The theories of proprietates terminorum was the basis of medieval semantic theory; by Stephen Read. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/medieval-terms/ George Santayana - Life and work of early 20th century Spanish-born American philosopher; by Herman Saatkamp. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/santayana/ Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy - Survey of work of Thomas Hobbes; by Sharon A. Lloyd. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes-moral/ Cosmopolitanism - The view that all human beings belong to a single community; by Pauline Kleingeld and Eric Brown. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/ Collapse Theories - Survey of the dynamical reduction program; by Giancarlo Ghirardi. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-collapse/ Bruno Bauer - Life and work of 19th century German philosopher; by Douglas Moggach. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bauer/ Justice as a Virtue - Survey of justice as a virtue from Plato to Rawls; by Michael Slote. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-virtue/ 18th Century German Philosophy Prior to Kant - Survey of work of, among others, Christian Thomasius and Christian Wolff; by Brigitte Sassen. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/18thGerman-preKant/ Harriet Taylor Mill - Life and work of 19th century English philosopher and proponent of women's rights; by Dale E. Miller. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/harriet-mill/ Lord Shaftesbury [Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury] - Life and work of 18th century English philosopher; by Michael Gill. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/shaftesbury/ Action - Theories about intentional action and agency; by George Wilson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/action/ The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics - Interpretation of quantum mechanics due to Hugh Everett according to which many universes exist in parallel at the same space and time; by Lev Vaidman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-manyworlds/ Impartiality - Survey of views on moral impartiality; by Troy Jollimore. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/impartiality/ Space and Time: Inertial Frames - Frames of reference relative to which motion and rest are measured; by Robert DiSalle. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-iframes/ Process Philosophy - View that puts processes at the center of metaphysics; by Nicholas Rescher. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/process-philosophy/ Finitism in Geometry - Approaches to geometry that do not presuppose an infinity of points; by Jean-Paul van Bendegem. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/geometry-finitism/ Mally's Deontic Logic - Discussion of Ernst Mally's logic of obligation; by Gert-Jan Lokhorst. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mally-deontic/ Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge - Discusses the impact of social relations and values on scientific research; by Helen Longino. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-knowledge-social/ Descartes' Modal Metaphysics - Interpretations of René Descartes' ontology of necessities and possibilities; by David Cunning. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-modal/ Moral Dilemmas - Discusses cases of conflicting moral requirements; by Terrance McConnell. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-dilemmas/ Friedrich Daniel Schleiermacher - Life and work of the 18th century German philosopher; by Michael Forster. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schleiermacher/ The Definition of Morality - Discussion of various descriptive and normative definitions of the term; Bernard Gert. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/morality-definition/ Relative Identity - The view that there are objects which are the same F yet not the same G; by Harry Deutsch. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-relative/ Events - Survey of philosophical views on the character and status of events; by Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/events/ Determinates vs. Determinables - A distinction introduced by W. E. Johnson to apply, e.g., to red and colored; by David H. Sanford. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinate-determinables/ Zeno's Paradoxes - Discusses the paradoxes of Zeno of Elea, e.g., Achilles and the Tortoise; by Nick Huggett. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paradox-zeno/ Philosophy for Children - Discusses introduction of philosophy into the school curriculum; by Michael Pritchard. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/children/ Aristotle's Rhetoric - Discussion of one of Aristotle's major works; by Christof Rapp. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/ The Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics - First interpretation of quantum mechanics due to Nields Bohr; by Jan Faye. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-copenhagen/ The Epsilon Calculus - Discussion of David Hilbert's development of this type of logical formalism with emphasis on proof-theoretic methods; by Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epsilon-calculus/ Thomas of Erfurt - Life and work of medieval philosopher and member of the Modists; by Jack Zupko. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/erfurt/ The Correspondence Theory of Truth - The thesis that propositions are made true in virtue of corresponding to facts; by Marian David. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/ John Buridan - Life and work of late Medieval philosopher; by Jack Zupko. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buridan/ Philosophy and Christian Theology - Discussion of philosophical implications of Christian theological views; by Michael Murray. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/ Modal Fictionalism - Survey of the view that claims of necessity and possibility are to be construed as fictional claims; by Daniel Nolan. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fictionalism-modal/ Privacy - Survey of philosophical views about privacy; by Judith DeCew. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/privacy/ Desert - Moral issues of desert (punishment, success) and justice; by Owen McLeod. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/desert/ Doing vs. Allowing Harm - Views on the moral difference between doing harm and allowing harm; by Frances Howard-Snyder. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/doing-allowing/ Cosmology: Methodological Debates 1932-48 - Discusses philosophical views about cosmology in the 1930s and 1940s; by George Gale. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmology-30s/ Omnipotence - The theistic thesis that God has maximal power; by Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/omnipotence/ The Biological Notion of Self and Non-self - History and discussion of the notion of the immune self; by Alfred Tauber. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biology-self/ Death - Discussion of philosophical issues about death; by Steven Luper. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/death/ Nicolas Malebranche - Life and work of French Cartesian philosopher; by Tad Schmaltz. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/malebranche/ Personal Autonomy - Survey of philosophical theories about what it is to govern oneself; by Sarah Buss. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/personal-autonomy/ Alan M. Turing - Life and work of philosopher and mathematician Alan Mathison Turing; by Andrew Hodges. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing/ Environmental Ethics - Branch of ethics dealing with the moral relationship of humans to the environment; by Andrew Brennan and Yeuk-Sze Lo. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ Scientific Realism - The thesis that science discovers truths about a theory-independent reality; by Richard Boyd. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-realism/ Moral Skepticism - Survey of forms of scepticism about moral knowledge; Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-moral/ Globalization - Social theory and philosophy issues in globalization; by William Scheuerman. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/ Consciousness and Intentionality - Discussion of the connection between phenomenal consciousness and intentionality; by Charles Siewert. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-intentionality/ Max Stirner - Life and work of German philosopher of egoism; by David Leopold. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/max-stirner/ Johann Georg Hamann - Life and work of this German Enlightenment philosopher; by Gwen Griffith-Dickson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hamann/ Immutability - The doctrine that God cannot undergo real change; by Brian Leftow. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/immutability/ Theological Voluntarism - Survey of divine command theory; by Mark Murphy. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/voluntarism-theological/ Confucius - The life and work of the Chinese philosopher and educator; by Jeffrey Riegel. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius/ Species - Philosophical theories on what makes a species; by Marc Ereshefsky. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/species/ The Mathematics of Boolean Algebra - Survey of the algebra of two-valued logic; by J. Donald Monk. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boolalg-math/ Realism - Survey of realism and anti-realism in various forms; by Alexander Miller. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/realism/ Set Theory - Survey of the mathematical theory of the infinite; by Thomas Jech. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/set-theory/ Naturalism in Legal Philosophy - Discusses naturalistic theses in the philosophy of law; by Brian Leiter. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lawphil-naturalism/ Identity Politics - History of the political activity and theorizing founded in the shared experiences of injustice of members of certain social groups; by Cressida Heyes. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-politics/ Pyrrho - The life and work of the founder of Pyrrhonism; by Richard Bett. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pyrrho/ Homosexuality - Philosophical issues in homosexuality and queer theory; by Brent Pickett. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/homosexuality/ Timon of Phlius - Timon (c. 320-230 BC) was the younger contemporary and leading disciple of Pyrrho; by Richard Bett. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/timon-phlius/ William of Ockham - Occam (1287-1347) was one of the most important philosophers of the Middle Ages. By Paul Vincent Spade. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ockham/ Egalitarianism - The view that people should get the same or be treated the same; by Richard Arneson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egalitarianism/ Personal Identity - How does a person stay the same person over time? By Eric T. Olson. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/ John Locke - Influential 17th century British political philosopher. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/ Revision Theory of Truth - Theory developed to analyze paradoxes that appear to show that common-sense beliefs about truth are inconsistent. By Eric M. Hammer. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-revision/ Identity Theory of Truth - When a truth-bearer is true, there is a truth-maker with which it is identical and the truth of the former consists in its identity with the latter. By Stewart Candlish. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-identity/ Deflationary Theory of Truth - According to the deflationary theory of truth, to assert that a statement is true is just to assert the statement itself. By Daniel Stoljar. - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-deflationary/ |