Questions and Answers About Cigarette Smoking and Cancer
- Basic information from the National Cancer Institute about the relationship to cancer rates, health risks for nonsmokers, harmful chemicals found in cigarettes, and amount of exposure.
- http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/cancer

Addiction and Cigarettes as Nicotine Delivery Devices
- Chapter from The Cigarette Papers covers what has been learned from industry secret documents regarding what the industry knew about nicotine and when it knew it.
- http://texts.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft8489p25j&chunk.id=d0e2507

Search for a Safe Cigarette
- Chronicles the tobacco industry's attempts to create a "safer" cigarette. Companion Web site to a NOVA (PBS) television show broadcast on October 2, 2001.
- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cigarette/

Smoking Kills: The Tobacco White Paper
- Speech by Cliff Douglas to the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, detailing the different ways cigarette product is engineered for addiction.
- http://www.tcsg.org/sfelp/Douglas_01.pdf

Measurements of Eclipse
- Research measurement finds that Eclipse exposes the user to significant quantities of nicotine and carbon monoxide, just like cigarettes.
- http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=m35jxkyvqq5n7qxqmxfr&referrer=parent&backto=issue,12,21;journal,2,24;searchpublicationsresults,1,1;

AMA Warns About Misleading Tobacco Ads
- American Medical Association warns that ads for Omni cigarettes are making dangerously misleading claims, and that in fact there's no scientific data that show an Omni smokers is less likely to develop lung cancer.
- http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2001/11/26/edsa1126.htm

Prying Open the Door to the Tobacco Industry's Secrets About Nicotine
- Article in medical journal surveys industry documents produced in litigation, and finds the tobacco industry knew for decades that nicotine is an addictive drug, and knew ways to design cigarettes to make them more addictive.
- http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/13/1173

Low Tar Product Category
- Case study of tobbaco industry internal marketing documents shows considerable concern with exploiting smokers' perceptions that low-tar product were safer, and no concern with actually making the product safer.
- http://www.tobaccopapers.com/casestudies/Low-Tar.pdf

FTC Accepts Settlements of Charges that "Alternative" Cigarette Ads Are Deceptive
- FTC action highlights claims made by makers of "natural" or "no additives" cigarettes.
- http://www.quackwatch.org/02ConsumerProtection/FTCActions/herbalcigarettes.html

A Safer Cigarette? Prove It, Say Critics
- JAMA article provides scientific evaluation of claims R.J. Reynold is making about its new tobacco product.
- http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/283/19/2507

Cigarettes are Nicotine Delivery Devices
- Collection of FDA papers in PDF format, much of which concerns design and manufacture of cigarettes.
- http://www.lawpublish.com/fdasum.html

Researcher Publishes First Measurements of 'Free-base' Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke
- Research measures a more highly addictive form of nicotine in cigarettes and finds that "the modern cigarette does to nicotine what crack does to cocaine".
- http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-07/ohs-orp072403.php

Cigarette Additives by Brand
- Searchable database lists additives by brand or manufacturer.
- http://www.healthplanning.gov.bc.ca/cgi-bin/ttdr_brand_search.cgi?constituent=all

Designing a Cigarette for the First Time Smoker
- Article in scientific journal examines how R. J. Reynolds designed a cigarette to appeal to new customers.
- http://tc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/11/suppl_1/i32

Cigarettes with Defective Filters Marketed for 40 years: What Philip Morris Never Told Smokers
- Article in scientific journal article explains what "fall-out" is, what Philip Morris knew about it and when they knew it, and what smokers didn't know.
- http://tc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/11/suppl_1/i51

Tobacco's Seven Deadly Secrets of Nicotine Delivery
- Article from onocology newsletter summarizes methods of engineering cigarettes for addiction.
- http://www.cancernetwork.com/journals/oncnews/n9710k.htm

Philip Morris Employee Says Company Thwarted Attempts to Make Safer Cigarettes
- CourtTV and AP reporting on testimony of former Philip Morris employee on the tobacco company's practice of ending research on safer cigarettes.
- http://www.courttv.com/trials/tobacco/national/112598_engle.html

Tobacco ingredients, additives, and radioactivity
- Chapter in the Tobacco Reference Guide.
- http://www.globalink.org/tobacco/trg/Chapter19/Chap19_Ingredients_Additives.html

Public Misled Over Fire-safe Cigarettes
- New Scientist article reports the tobacco industry misled the public and legislators over fire-safe cigarettes, according to internal tobacco industry documents.
- http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993192

Cigarettes: a Complex Cocktail of Chemicals
- BBC Report. More than 600 substances can be legally added to cigarettes, many of which act to increase the addictive impact of nicotine.
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/background_briefings/smoking/281167.stm

'Safer' Cigarettes May Be Not Be Safer
- Recent research finds that Advance, Eclipse, and Accord, which are marketed as safer, may not be safer at all, and may even lead to increased addiction.
- http://preventdisease.com/news/articles/safer_cigarettes_not_safer.shtml

Eclipse Cigarettes
- Independent research finds that Eclipse exposes the smoker to more cancer-causing chemicals than regular cigarettes.
- http://tobaccofreekids.org/reports/eclipse/

ScienceDaily Magazine -- Tobacco Smoke Flavoring Contains Hazardous Chemicals
- Scientists have new data that toxic flavoring chemicals put in cigarettes are reaching smokers through cigarette smoke and may pose health hazards of their own.
- http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/05/000509003850.htm

Philip Morris Memo Likens Nicotine to Cocaine
- Prizewinning reporting reveals facts about cigarette design and nicotine.
- http://www.pulitzer.org/year/1996/national-reporting/works/morris.html

Minnesota vs. Tobacco February 4, 1998
- Trial transcript of testimony from expert witness Dr. Channing Robertson covers R&D and engineering of the cigarette product.
- http://www.tobacco.org/Documents/980204minnesota.html

Cigarette Filter Ventilation is a Defective Design
- Scientific article finds that cigarette filters are a success for the industry and a tragedy for the customer, because the industry gets an cheap-to-make cigarette that beats the standard tar tests, reassures smokers with a lighter taste, and facilitates
- http://tc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/11/suppl_1/i40

Cigarettes Engineered for Addiction
- BBC News article on substances added to cigarettes by the industry to increase their addictiveness.
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/393075.stm

1997 Cigarette Nicotine Disclosure Report
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health developed a testing method which better simulates smoking; nicotine deliveries are reported from these tests; there are no significant differences in the total nicotine content of regular, "light" or &qu
- http://www.cancer.org/tobacco/nicotine_report/toc.html

Cigarettes With Defective Filters Sold For 40 Years
- Philip Morris knowingly marketed cigarettes with defective filters for 40 years, according to recent research.
- http://unisci.com/stories/20021/0312021.htm

Free-basing Nicotine: State of the Art
- 1973 R. J. Reynolds discovery of why Philip Morris's Marlboro was selling so well: it was being engineered with ammonia to increase the nicoctine kick.
- http://www.tobacco.org/Documents/dd/ddfreebasingnic.html

What's in Tobacco
- Reports on additives and ingredients, and the chemical onstituents in tobacco smoke.
- http://www.hlth.gov.bc.ca/ttdr/index.html

Low-Tar Cigarettes: No Benefit to Public Health
- Millions of Americans smoke "low-tar," "mild," or "light" cigarettes, believing they're less hazardous. But scientific experts conclude that public health has not been served by changes in cigarette design and manufacturing o
- http://newscenter.cancer.gov/pressreleases/lowtar.html

Cigarette design - additives, low-tar and 'safe' cigarettes
- ASH UK Paper on development of "free nicotine" product.
- http://www.ash.org.uk/html/conduct/html/tobexpld5.html

Why Low Tar Cigarettes Don't Work and How the Tobacco Industry Has Fooled the Smoking Public
- Smokers could be forgiven for believing that low tar cigarettes deliver less tar to the smoker's lung. However, the actual tar exposure, and hence health risk, from smoking low tar brands may be the almost the same as for conventional cigarettes. ASH-UK
- http://www.ash.org.uk/?bigone

The Safer Cigarette: What the Tobacco Industry Could Do..and Why It Hasn't Done it
- ASH-UK paper; a survey of 25 years of patents for innovations to reduce toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke.
- http://www.ash.org.uk/?patent